As U.S. veterans of the October 1993 "Black Hawk Down" battle in Somalia
honor their fallen this week, others also remember it as the 20th
anniversary of America's first blow from al Qaeda -- even though the
U.S. didn't know it at the time.
The street battles that ensued on Oct. 3 and 4, 1993, involved U.S. Army
Rangers and commandos from the 1st Special Forces Operational
Detachment-Delta, known as "Delta Force." During a successful mission to
capture lieutenants of Somali warlord Mohamed Farah Aideed, hundreds of
Somali gunmen engaged the U.S. teams and killed 18 soldiers, wounded 73
others and shot down two Army Black Hawk choppers.
America's subsequent hasty exit from that mission, which was originally
to support United Nations humanitarian operations in Mogadishu,
emboldened a little-known terrorist leader at the time named Osama bin
Laden, who boasted that the U.S. superpower was weak for withdrawing
after losing G.I.s in "minor battles" there.
"You left [Somalia] carrying disappointment, humiliation, defeat and
your dead with you," bin Laden taunted in his 1996 fatwa against
America.
What bin Laden didn't say in 1996 was that his henchmen had a hand in
training and equipping the Somali militiamen who inflicted the worst day
of casualties in the history of U.S. Special Operations Forces. Deadly
al Qaeda attacks in the Horn of Africa against U.S. targets in 1996,
1998 and 2000 followed, leading up to 9/11.
"It is true that al Qaeda was emboldened by 1993 – it was their first
successful attack on us and we were unaware of bin Laden's involvement
until later," former Sen. Bob Kerrey, who served on the 9/11 Commission,
told ABC News on Thursday.
"They coached the [Somali militia] rocket-propelled grenade guys to aim
for the tail rotors of U.S. Black Hawks," Mark Bowden, author of the
best-selling book "Black Hawk Down," told ABC News.
Bowden argued that al Qaeda's overall role wasn't extensive or decisive
in the battle, and their support to the Somali warlord "wasn't a
coherent plot" in the way their future attacks would be.
But it did foreshadow a long fight against the extremist group.
The 9/11 Commission disclosed that the CIA did not learn until 1997 that
bin Laden had sent top military experts to Somalia almost a year before
the Black Hawk Down battle to aid Aideed.
Al Qaeda military chief Mohammed Atef, an Egyptian known as "Abu Hafs,"
was sent by bin Laden to Mogadishu, where he offered to help Aideed
fight U.S. and U.N. forces, according to FBI files. In 1998, after two
U.S. embassies were struck by suicide bombers in Kenya and Tanzania, the
FBI interviewed Al Qaeda operative Mohammad Sadiq Odeh in Nairobi, who
admitted he was among the men al Qaeda shura council member Saif el Adel
-- also a former Egyptian military officer -- had ordered to Somalia
before the attack on the Rangers and Delta operators.
"Odeh stated that his mission in Somalia was to train some of the tribes
fighting and to provide food and money," FBI Agent Dan Coleman wrote in
a report then.
Coleman also interviewed an active-duty U.S. soldier, Army Sgt. Ali
Mohamed, a Special Forces Middle East expert at Fort Bragg who later
pled guilty to scouting the U.S. embassies for bin Laden before they
were bombed, in addition to training al Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan.
"Mohamed also advised that he was in Somalia during the United States
intervention overseas and knew that bin Laden's people were responsible
for the killing of United States soldiers in Somalia," Coleman reported
back to the FBI in 1998.
"A small group of Afghanistan [mujahideen] veterans undertook a number
of skillful operations against the Americans in Somalia," an al Qaeda
internal history published a decade ago stated. "When the valiant
soldiers of Islam came to them with the rod of Moses and the mujahideen
poured their fire on them, the Americans withdrew from Somalia in an
unexpected haste."
